tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64328820135188588392024-03-14T00:50:26.951+11:00Julie Theriault's BlogJuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.comBlogger82125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-28045513509143057252012-05-23T13:06:00.001+10:002012-05-23T13:08:03.114+10:00En forêt<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">May 2012: #Forest #Portrait #Adirondack #Photography </span></div>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-15037075705750016352012-05-23T11:16:00.002+10:002012-05-23T11:16:43.503+10:00Red Sky<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">May 2012: #Sky #Sun #Clouds #Photography # Hipstamatic </span></div>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-7868493410720204282012-05-23T11:11:00.002+10:002012-05-23T11:11:53.783+10:00Just Before Sunset<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">May 2012: #Montreal #Sunset #City # Spring #Photography # Hipstamatic </span></div>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-90201694053100910472012-04-02T07:55:00.000+10:002012-05-23T11:20:11.781+10:00Jeu de lumière<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2011: #House #Palm Tree #Shadow #Overexposure #Photography </span></div>
<br />Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-14649721673343515162012-03-13T11:52:00.000+11:002012-05-23T11:21:37.679+10:00Printemps<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">2012: #Montreal #Spring #Snow #Park #Photography </span></div>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-85254288823072985802011-11-23T12:53:00.000+11:002012-03-30T13:02:13.054+11:00Récit de la Havane<br />
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<span lang="FR-CA" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Je suis arrivée le 4 novembre vers 9 heures du soir à Cuba. Sur la route vers l'hôtel, l'obscurité de la ville m'a surprise. Le conducteur devait utiliser les « hautes » pour éclairer les piétons et il me semblait qu'il passait souvent trop près d'eux. Le lendemain, le chauffeur de la navette qui me conduisait avec d'autres touristes à la vieille Havane a rigolé en disant qu'une visite officielle devait certainement se pointer en ville puisque des ouvriers étaient affairés sur des échelles à installer les ampoules aux lampadaires; donc, si la Havane nageait dans l'obscurité la veille, c'était une particularité de la ville remarquée également par les Cubains. Un autre exemple de cette particularité est que quand je sors manger aux restaurants près de l'hôtel, je dois marcher à pas prudents puisque je n'y vois rien. Bien que je sache qu'il n'y ait pas de trous, dans le noir, la moindre déviation ou inclinaison pourrait être dangereuse. Je croise parfois quelqu'un, souvent des gens qui attendent un taxi collectif, ces taxis qui sont privés et partagés par plusieurs; on les paie en peso cubain plutôt qu'en peso convertible. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="FR-CA" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">J'ai remarqué aussi que les Cubains fument beaucoup, mais surtout qu'ils approchent toujours d'autres Cubains pour leur demander du feu. J'ai fini par conclure que, comme tout dans ce pays, les allumettes et les briquets sont des denrées rares. L'autre jour, je mangeais seule lorsque deux étrangers m'ont offert de les accompagner pour le souper. J'ai apporté mon assiette à leur table et nous avons parlé un peu de tout, surtout de notre impression de Cuba. Cela faisait déjà quelques mois qu'ils étaient ici, ils travaillaient pour une compagnie brésilienne à la construction d'un port. Ils étaient brésilien et péruvien. Nous avons parlé de l'embargo: apparemment, les bateaux qui se risquent à poser l'ancre en port cubain ont l'interdiction d'aller aux États-Unis pendant six mois. Conséquence: peu s'y risque ce qui explique la rareté des denrées. Je ne sais pas si une étude a été menée sur la cause principale de la pauvreté à Cuba, le communisme ou l'embargo, mais je gagerais sur ce second.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">L'étranger peut penser qu'ils sont heureux; bien sûr, ils ont le sens de l'humour, sont créatifs, dansent et chantent. C'est ce que m'a dit un Mexicain que j'ai rencontré à la </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bodeguita del Medio</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">, le bar où aurait été inventé le </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mojito</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> et qui accueillait Hemingway. Je n'ai pas voulu le contrarier; j'ai donc acquiescé, mais à mon sens, des gens qui sont prêts à prendre le risque de mourir en s'embarquant dans une chaloupe sont désespérés. Encore une fois, je ne crois pas que ce soit le communisme qui ait créé leur désespoir, c'est la situation économique, le chômage, les piètres salaires, de vivre sur une île où ils y sont confinés, obligés, le désarroi de ne pas pouvoir choisir et des rêves qui y sont si restreints. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="FR-CA" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">L'autre jour, je suis allée au Cimetière Christophe Colomb. Une des particularités du cimetière est que sa cinquantaine d'hectares est traversée par deux longs chemins qui forment une croix; au centre de la « croix » se trouve l'église qui reçoit encore des fidèles. Pendant mon tour guidé, j'ai assisté à une scène unique et drôle malgré la situation: une voiture funéraire est passée, elle était pas très récente, elle devait dater des années soixante-dix ou quatre-vingt, mais elle était suivie d'une voiture américaine des années cinquante débordante de monde. J'ai eu le temps de remarquer qu'une dame sur la banquette arrière pleurait avec grande expression. Suivait cette voiture, un taxi Lada aussi vieux que son égale américaine, encore une fois bourré de monde. Finalement, le taxi était suivi de deux autres vieilles voitures américaines. J'ai pensé que cela avait dû impliquer beaucoup de logistique pour regrouper toute la famille dans les quelques voitures disponibles. De fait, il semble qu'elles n'aient pas été suffisantes et l’aide d'un taxi exhalant le gaz a été requise.</span><span lang="FR-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></div>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-23801350867409989892011-08-26T10:11:00.001+10:002012-03-30T13:04:29.664+11:00‘Have Business Schools Failed Society? How and why?’<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Enron, Arthur Andersen, Sotheby's and Christie's, Martha Stewart and, most recently, the Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch are most known examples of ethical lapses. Some academics, such as <span lang="EN-AU">Ghoshal (</span>2005), Giacalone and Thompson (2006), Mitroff (2004) and Pfeffer (2005) make most responsible for the recent <span lang="EN-AU">scandals the influence of the theoretical underpinnings of business education on managers, teaching a profits-first perspective. Others affirm that MBA programs are irrelevant to the needs of practicing managers (Mintzberg 2004; Pfeffer & Fong 2002 as cited in Slater</span> & Dixon-Fowler 2010)<span lang="EN-AU">.</span><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: #141413; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-AU">However, are these critics justified? Have business schools failed society? I answer: ‘Certainly’. The aim of this essay is to provide a critical analysis of the ideas I explored through my readings of academic literature about the responsibility of business schools in the past corporate scandals. To do so, I identify how business schools have contributed to perpetuate the wrongness of our society. Nevertheless, I finally depict some improvements encountered in current and for future practices.<br /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU" style="line-height: 150%;">Statement of claim<br /> </span><br />MBA graduates who have achieved positions of power and influence have made decisions with disastrous consequences on society. So what is going on here? Should business schools be more accountable? Yes. Indeed, they have propagated institutionalized and amoral economic theories valorizing economy over social concerns, have denigrated the usefulness of ethics studies to focus on ‘hard skills’ and have accepted corporations to dictate to them the orientation of their teaching.</span></span></h4>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;">Yes, what is wrong with our society? and not only with the modern society, witness of multiple corporate scandals. Our past and modern societies have accepted and allowed different aspects of slavery, dictatorship, disrespect of human rights, endemic poverty, and corruption. Why is it so? The problem is deep, thus the causes are complex, but here is an attempted response through a reflection on our modern society.</span></h4>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: normal;">The first main problem relies on the neoclassical perspective of economics propagated by some corporations and scholars that ‘contains a significant ideological bias including:</span></h4>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /><span lang="EN-AU">[neutral c</span><span lang="EN-AU">onception of economic], very limited treatment of environmental and ecological problems, </span>[…] of income and wealth inequality, acceptance of current institutional structures as given, misrepresentation of these institutional structures as being consistent with models of perfect competition, ignoring concentrations of economic power, and acceptance of increased consumption as the primary measure of wellbeing’ (S Grob 2010, pers. comm., 2010).<o:p></o:p><br /><span lang="EN-AU">Moreover, our society is based on an ‘ethic of personal advantage </span>[<span lang="EN-AU">in which] the centrality of business leads to a short-term viewpoint […], ultimately deemphasizing the community and societal perspectives. (Mitchell & Scott 1990 as cited in Giacalone & Thompson 2006, p. 267). Therefore, society focuses on ends rather than means, be it dumping of toxic and electronic wastes in Africa to get rid of dangerous products cheaply, labour abuses to supply the market with low cost products or failures in terms of security resulting in injuries and mortalities of workers to reduce operations’ cost. At a micro level, people tend to act on their own interest, encouraged by a neoclassical perspective on wellbeing, in which money, status and power define their degree of achievement and success.<br /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">Neoclassical economic models have also transformed characteristics of cultures around the globe. Indeed, </span>most industrialized and powerful countries, especially United States and United Kingdom who have advocated neo-liberalism, <span lang="EN-AU">possess a high individualistic dimension </span>(Itim International 2009). Therefore, individuals tend to place their personal ambitions before collective goals as they value individual welfare over that of the group and ‘use personal characteristics and achievements to define themselves’ (Adler & Jelinek 1986, p. 79). As a consequence, some executives have been found, for example, having <span lang="EN-AU">‘used secret partnerships to hide debt, inflate profits, and enrich themselves at others' expense</span>’ <span lang="EN-AU">(Bartunek 2002, p. 138).<br /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">Finally, individual moral philosophies embedded in our society concerned me. Forsyth (1992) explains that many ‘personal moral philosophies’ can be contrasted in terms of relativism and idealism. Encouraged by a neutral c</span><span lang="EN-AU">onception of economics,</span><span lang="EN-AU"> highly relativistic individuals ‘generally feel that moral actions depend upon the nature of the situation and the individuals involved, and when judging others they weigh the circumstances more than the ethical principle that was violated’ (Forsyth 1992, p. 462), while those who have low idealism ‘assume that harm will sometimes be necessary to produce good’ (Forsyth 1992, p. 462).<br /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">The following depicts the business schools’ accountability in perpetuating these problems.</span><br /><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Responsibility of business schools <br /> </span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">The Association of Business Schools Professionals (2009) have, indeed, recognised that numerous MBA graduates work in Financial Services and that the companies who were suspected of fraud were perhaps managed by graduands from the 1980s and 1990s. Obviously, not all criminals or immoral characters have a business degree in their hands: Jack Abramoff earned a Juris Doctor, Muammar al-Gaddafi attended a military academy, and Bernard Madoff did, as I did, a bachelors in political science. However, regarding the extent of corporate scandals in the recent years is worthwhile to wonder what could have been done by business schools to improve how corporations are handled, especially because a lot of people of power and influence have an MBA in their hand.<br /> </span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">Business schools have to accept responsibility because of their influence in shaping students’ thinking.<br /> </span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Business schools, marionette with neoclassical perspectives’ voices</span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">Business schools have contributed to spread economic theories that favour immoral capitalism – in reference to the comment made by Professor Rosabeth Kanter of the Harvard Business School of a need for ‘moral capitalism’ (</span>Stern 2010).<o:p></o:p><br /><span lang="EN-AU">Ghoshal (</span>2005), Giacalone and Thompson (2006), Mitroff (2004) and Pfeffer (2005) argue that <span lang="EN-AU">business schools have actively freed their students from any sense of moral responsibility propagating ideologically inspired amoral theories. Business schools have taught students, on the basis of neoclassical perspectives, utilitarian theories of scholars who stipulate that the corporations are left without responsibility for citizen’s welfare and have as their only goal to make profit (Secchi 2007). Milton Friedman, who is the main scholar representing the utilitarian theorists, separates business from society, enabling this approach to deny the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Clarkson 1995) to focus exclusively on profits, dollars, and returns. The first directive of corporations has been to demonstrate these kinds of returns for the benefits of managers and their organizations (Gioia 2002). Business schools have been responsible to take</span> for granted view of "greed is good"; but while is only good for shareholders, is bad for other stakeholders’ who voices are ignored.<br /> <o:p></o:p><br /><span lang="EN-AU">Of course, </span>corporations are necessary, as they provide goods and services, employment and economic growth. However, the illusion of growth is also underpinned by the worldview we have been dominated and how GNP and GDP are measured. Voices presented in this essay – and others - have started to dispute dominant views in our world. What has been institutionalized started to be questioned by scholars, but business schools have not stopped replicating the same old economic templates. <span lang="EN-AU">They have, so far, taught to future business leaders that </span>financial gains are the primary objectives<span lang="EN-AU"> (</span>Giacalone & Thompson 2006).</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">We don’t need no ‘soft skills’<br />There is a ‘crisis in business ethics’ (Simola 2010, p. 7) and business schools carry the blame on various aspects.<br /> <br /><span lang="EN-AU">Mitroff (2004) argues that business schools are responsible for their ‘narrow, outdated, and repudiated notion of ethics’ and even for their ‘mean-spirited and distorted view of human nature’ (p. 185). Therefore, </span>they have been incapable to prepare students for ethical decision-making in the workplace (Simola 2010).<br />On the other hand, other academics (Neubaum et al. 2009) have not found correlation between business educations and negative ethical decision-making from students. They argue that people dictated by inappropriate personal moral philosophies make immoral decisions, no matter their education. Indeed, they are cases as seen previously – Abramoff, <span lang="EN-AU">al-Gaddafi and Madoff, among others</span>. However, the question is more about what could business schools have done better to prevent immoral actions. It has been demonstrated, education has an influence in defining students’ values. The not-for-profit organization Aspen Institute’s Initiative for Social Innovation through Business (ISIB) <span lang="EN-AU">asked what a company's top priorities should be</span> through the survey of 1,978<span lang="EN-AU"> MBA students who graduated in 2001 from 13 leading B-schools (Schneider 2002).<br /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">‘Some 75% cited maximizing value for shareholders, 71% said satisfying customers, and 33% put a high priority on producing high-quality goods and services. Only 5% thought the top goals should include improving the environment, and just 25% said creating value for their local communities. Two years earlier, when these students started B-school, 68% had opted for shareholder value, 75% cited customer satisfaction, and 43% voted for producing quality goods and services’. (Schneider 2002)</span><span lang="EN-AU"><br /> </span><span lang="EN-AU">So few adherents to the necessity to improve environment and to create value for local communities suggests that business schools have not considered these aspects as being high priorities. Business schools are responsible for not providing ‘an alternative worldview and tools to explore the systemic repercussion of [students’] decisions, [they] free them to act morally, immorally, or amorally’ (Giacalone & Thompson 2006, p. 273) without teaching the students a clear understanding of their decision-making consequences. Therefore, business schools cannot be reassured that, faced with immoral acts, students have acted because they chose to do so or they have failed to understand.<br /> </span><br />Moreover, despite the recent corporate scandals, faculties of business marginalize the teaching of business-and society courses. ‘Many business schools do not take ethics training seriously’ and have considered ‘soft skills’ as an insignificant requirement easy to learn (<span lang="EN-AU">Gioia 2002, p. 143)</span>. Even nowadays, MBA programs are redesigned to reduce MBA core to spend more time in specialty electives and ‘hard’ business subjects, such as finance, economics and accounting. Henle (2006) suggests integrating ethics to these ‘hard’ business subjects rather than having some courses on the topic disconnected from the rest. One ‘stand-alone <span lang="EN-AU">course on ethics, although important, is not enough, as students may get the impression that ethics is not related to the rest of their business education’ (Henle 2006, p. 354). Carlson (1995) adds: ‘if professors truly teach business ethics, they would need to teach students to critically evaluate what they hear and to question the moral acceptability of basic business activity [, such as marketing, management, finance, and so forth,] or to question the credibility of sources that affirm the worldview (as cited in </span>Giacalone & Thompson 2006, <span lang="EN-AU">p. 268).<o:p></o:p></span><br />Finally, Hindo (2002) identifies that business schools have not considered putting emphasis on ‘soft skills’ because they do not attract recruiters. Why soft skills do not attract recruiters? Corporations have also their responsibilities in the message disseminated by business schools.<br /> <br />In collaboration with corporations<br /><span lang="EN-AU"> Business schools and corporations together carry a large blame.<br /> </span><br /><span lang="EN-AU"> Business schools are accountable for not intervening when corporate investment is directed to support scholars in universities whose views are compatible with the corporate view and becoming think tanks of right-wing causes. Beder (2000) mentions how corporations spent millions to influence the teaching of business and economics, promoting neo-liberalism concepts, such as free market and government regulation. In this sense, Joseph Stiglitz mentions: </span><span lang="EN-GB">‘Economics as taught in America's graduate schools bears testimony to a triumph of ideology over science’ (</span>S Grob 2010, pers. comm., 2010<span lang="EN-GB">).<br /> </span><br /><span lang="EN-AU"> Moreover, corporations have not taken their responsibilities in being clear about ethical guidelines. In this sense, Henle (2006) interviewed the former president and chief executive officer of Royal & Sun Alliance USA, Terry Broderick, who identifies that it can be difficult for business schools to demand adherence from students to ethical principles or guidelines if corporations do not seem to cherish them. Therefore, companies and educational institutions should work in partnership to promote high levels of ethical conduct among current and future employees, managers and boards of directors. Many new employees are at the mercy of their employers, therefore, business and education’s leaderships are the ones accountable to change their behaviours.<br /> </span><br /><span lang="EN-AU"> However, so far most companies believe that they cannot afford to be ethical. Examples abound. For instance, BP considered that investing in safety was not a priority in its urge to increase profitability and improve its image to shareholders. And happened the Texas City Refinery explosion in 2005 causing 15 deaths and injuring 180 people, and the Deepwater Horizon explosion in 2010, causing the death of 11 people, besides the environmental consequences. While business schools have to teach that ethics and social responsibilities are the core of business, corporations need to admit that, yes this worldview may be more costly, but this is what is morally correct to do. In this context, academic research has motives in exploring the link between ethical and socially responsible behaviours and being financially successful.</span><br /><span lang="EN-AU"> Indeed, what if research and business cases were updated to demonstrate that companies that have a higher ethical standard or value basis in their organization perform better than others? There are certainly empirical evidences that could illustrate that socially irresponsible and illegal behaviour may have an impact on ‘profit’. That consideration for ‘people’ and ‘planet’ – from the terms borrowed from </span>Elkington<span lang="EN-AU"> (1997) - reduces financial risk and increases shareholder wealth. MBA courses should point out to future business leaders this connection between the three bottom lines (Henle 2006). Within a sustainability framework, the ‘profit’ aspect needs to be seen as the economy enjoyed by the host society. </span>Shareholder wealth is no longer the only element to evaluate companies’ performance: business’ social performance now also counts (Carroll & Buchholtz 2009) and business schools <span lang="EN-AU">‘must train doctoral students to understand and incorporate values and ethics in their thinking, their research, and their practice’ (Giacalone & Thompson 2006, p. 273).</span><br /><span lang="EN-AU"> </span>Towards some improvements<o:p></o:p><br /><span lang="EN-AU">We are not the first to realize that something is going wrong. As Gioia (2002, p. 142) affirms: ‘we (MBA, executive, and executive MBA programs) should act as if we can change attitudes toward ethical and responsible behaviour in positions of organizational leadership’.<br /> </span><br /><span lang="EN-AU"> Therefore, a group of Class of 2009 Graduates of Harvard Business School (HBS) started the ‘</span>MBA Oath – Responsible Value Creation’ (2009) to which have joined a broader group of MBA students, graduates and advisors. They want their ‘degree to mean something more than it currently does’ (MBA Oath – Responsible Value Creation 2009) and therefore <span lang="EN-AU">to transform to the long-term the field of management into a true profession, one in which MBAs are respected for their integrity, professionalism, and leadership. In parallel with this action, the HBS has named in 2010 a new dean, Nitin Nohria, who focuses on business ethics (Middleton 2010).<br /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU"> Moreover, critical management studies (CMS) offer a relatively new perspective, often dated from the publication of Alvesson and Wilmott in 1992 (as cited in Grey 2004). CMS aims to challenge taken for granted wisdom about management and addresses what is researched and taught within the business schools (</span>T Pitsis 2010, pers. comm., 2011)<span lang="EN-AU">. Critical management education (CME) is a body of educational practice arising from CMS. CME challenges the prevailing mid-sets and ‘questions the positionality of the critical educator; the potential fragmentation of student subjectivities; and the contradictions between management practice and critical teachings’ (</span>Fenwick 2005, pp. 32-3)<span lang="EN-AU">. Therefore, CME presents arguments and recommendations to change management education and future generation of management educators, such as teaching fact rather than value, and finding alternatives to morally neutral management techniques grounded on scientific knowledge (Grey 2004).<br /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">However, because business schools can, with difficulty, act alone, it is reassuring to notice that some corporations have started to honestly consider their hefty responsibility in regard to society, having a considerable influence in societal matters (Secchi 2007), and acting according to ‘altruistic’ behaviour and integrating ethical variables, as proposed by Freeman and Liedtka (1991 as cited in Secchi 2007). However, with a more pessimistic view, it can be argued that many companies have promoted CSR as part of their business strategy following the principles dictates by the managerial group theories (Secchi 2007) or the strategic management theory (Lee 2008). Indeed, industries have certainly recognised the advantages of demonstrating a sensitive image of its concern for sustainability and the consideration of an engagement between the internal and external stakeholders to improve companies’ performance (Lee 2008). Again</span><span lang="EN-AU"> </span><span lang="EN-AU">considering the example of BP, in 2000, the company changed its brand with a green, white and yellow logo, ‘in an attempt to win over environmentally aware customer’ (BBC News 2000). However, with BP environmental disasters along the 2000’s decade, BP’s actions may be interpreted as solely pretending to consider CSR. Not a really good example for business students and future leaders.</span></span></span></h4>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Finally, and most important, the neoclassical model is now challenged by others perspectives, one of the most important being the ecological economics. This latest aims to articulate alternatives towards a socially responsible capitalism. Indeed, this economic current is conscious that current levels of material inequity are immoral and do not support human dignity, and that a continuing and unlimited economic growth is not sustainable anymore. Considering that the neoclassical model has existed since the industrial revolution, a change of paradigm would be unprecedented (S Grob 2010, pers. comm., 2010). Change would engender an impression of chaos because of the sudden listening to voices that we were not used to hear.<br /> <br /><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Conclusion and implication for the future <br /> </span> <br /> <span lang="EN-AU"> This critical essay examined the responsibilities of academy members, professors and business school deans for past and current immoral acts spread in our society, such as putting the interests of money before people.<br /> </span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">This was explained in part because ‘the worldview we teach is flawed and no longer functional, for it fails to serve humanity in ways that are sustainable and generative’ (McAdams & de St. Aubin, 1992 as cited in </span>Giacalone & Thompson 2006)<span lang="EN-AU">. Is this worrying? Well, certainly, because business schools are one of the main social institutions influencing individuals’ judgement and values and they have advocated neoclassical perspectives and have ignored to teach business ethics.<br /> <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">As Giacalone and Thompson (2006, p. 270) mentions: ‘If a critical change in management education must occur, it must be framed in a worldview that is not metaphorically Ptolemaic—a worldview where neither profitability nor business are the centre of the universe’. As per the world economic model, the change has to occur within business schools education. Some groups and individuals are listened to more keenly than others, such as the group of Class of 2009 Graduates of Harvard Business School. They may trigger a change that ‘would be radical because it represents the breaking of the mold defined by an interpretive scheme’ (</span>Greenwood & Hinings 1996, p. 1026)<span lang="EN-AU">.<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span lang="EN-AU">Finally, even though business schools and corporations have an important responsibility on past and current social problems, external influences, such as governments, may be large drivers of change through implementation of policies that might encourage better practices. </span></span></span></h4>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="EN-AU">- Julie Thériault, 2011 - </span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></span></h4>
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<br /></div>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-31493712084767804032011-06-16T09:15:00.001+10:002012-03-30T13:34:54.772+11:00Action for happiness<div style="font: 12.0px Tahoma; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">- 340 Ways to Use VIA Character Strengths by Tayyab Rashid & Afroze Anjum - </span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>C</b></span>ORE VIRTUE----WISDOM & KNOWLEDGE</span></b></div>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">acquisition and use of knowledge</span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>I. Curiosity [interest, novelty-seeking, openness to experience]: </b><i>Curiosity is taking an interest in all of </i><i>ongoing experience. It involves actively recognizing and pursuing challenging opportunities and seeking </i><i>out new knowledge. Curiosity can be broken down into three categories: interest, novelty seeking, and </i><i>openness to new experience. It is this strength that drives individuals to make discoveries and to explore </i><i>the boundaries of human knowledge.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>October Sky </i>(1999) <i>Amélie </i>(2001-French)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Look for jobs in which you are charged with acquiring new information daily, such as journalism, research, teaching, etc.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Expand your knowledge in an area of interest through books, journals, magazines, TV, radio or internet, for half an hour, three times a week.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend a function/lecture/colloquium of a culture that differs from yours.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Find a person who shares your area of your interest and learn how he/she increases his/her expertise in that area.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Eat food of a different culture, explore its cultural context and become aware of your thoughts.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Connect with a person of a different culture and spend at least an hour, twice a month to learn about his/her culture.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make a list of unknowns about your favorite topic.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Try things that challenge your existing knowledge and skills.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Visit at least one new town, state or country yearly.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10. Identify factors which might haven diminished your curiosity in an area and search three new ways to rejuvenate it.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11. Get engaged in more open-ended learning experiences (i.e., making ice cream to understand physics and chemistry or taking a yoga class to understand different muscle groups).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12. Explore processes of nature, for at least one hour weekly, by being in the woods, park, stream, yard, etc.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>II. Creativity [Originality, ingenuity]: </b><i>Creativity is the process of using one’s originality to devise novel </i><i>ways to positively contribute to one’s own life or the lives of others. Such originality can range from </i><i>everyday ingenuity to groundbreaking work that becomes highly recognized. Creative people are able to </i><i>apply their imaginations in new and surprising ways in order to solve the problems that they encounter. </i><i>Traditional notions of creativity focus on artistic expression and scientific discovery, but this strength can </i><i>be applied to any area of life in which obstacles can be addressed imaginatively.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Shine </i>(1996), <i>Amadeus </i>(1984)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Create and refine at least one original idea weekly in an area of your interest.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do at least one assignment weekly in a different and creative manner.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write an article, essay, short story, poem, draw, or paint in relation to your passion once a week.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Offer at least one creative solution to challenges of a sibling or a friend.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Compile an original and practical list of solutions or tips that will address common challenges faced by you and your peers. <b>Look for different and creative ways to spend more time at tasks you do best.</b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Brain-storm ideas on a challenging task with your friends.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Audition for community theatre or choir.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Redesign your room or home.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Take a pottery, photography, stained glass, sculpture or painting class.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10. Learn about an exotic and creative art such as <i>Feng-shui </i>or <i>Ikebana</i>.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11. Read about famous creative people and identify what made them unique.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12. Use leftovers (food, stationary and such) to make new products.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13. Design a personalized card instead of buying.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>III. Open-mindedness [judgment, critical thinking]: </b><i>Open-mindedness is thinking things through and </i><i>examining them from all sides. It involves a willingness to consider evidence against one’s own beliefs, </i><i>plans, and goals, and to revise them if necessary. Open-minded people faithfully adhere to the standard </i><i>of considering evidence fairly. This strength counteracts the pervasive “my-side bias” that prevents many </i><i>people from considering views other than their own.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>No Man’s Land </i>(2001-Bosnian)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Identify reasons of your last three actions that you are not happy with (not following through with a goal) and brainstorm better alternative ideas for the future.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ask a trusted and wise friend to critically appraise your judgment on your last three significant actions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Play devil’s advocate on an issue that you have strong opinions about.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>At least once a week, practice the common themes that exist across races and religions on an important issue.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Identify the last three actions for which you did not think your way through.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Start an activity and ask yourself -- Why? When? And how?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend a multi-cultural event and critically evaluate your views during and afterwards.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Identify causes of a perceived failure of an activity in the past. Are there any patterns? Take some time to think deeply about how can you improve.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When deciding about an important issue, write pros and cons and repeat them while taking breaks in between.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10. Mentor someone of a different ethnic or religious background.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11. Monitor if you often find information to confirm your opinions or seek new information to expand your view.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12. When you face the next challenge, first imagine the best and worst scenarios and then decide the most realistic course of action.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>IV. Love of learning: </b><i>Love of learning involves enthusiastically studying new skills, topics, and bodies of </i><i>knowledge. People with this strength enjoy the cognitive engagement of acquiring new skills or satisfying </i><i>their curiosity, even when the material benefits of learning may not be immediately available. Love of </i><i>learning allows people to persist in the face of frustrations and obstacles that arise during the course of </i><i>education, both formal and informal</i>.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Billy Elliot </i>(2000), <i>A Beautiful Mind </i>(2001)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: On the Road to Find Out (Cat Stevens)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Deliberately learn five new words, including their meaning and usage, at least twice a week.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Visit a new museum every month and write about new things learned.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read a non-fiction book monthly on a topic you find absorbing and engaging.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read and research about a topic by visiting the library at least once a week. Write one page of pragmatic ideas which can advance that field and discuss them with someone.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Converse with someone on a topic of mutual interest.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Follow an ongoing global event through newspapers, TV or internet.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Join a local book club.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend new gallery/exhibition openings in your area.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read aloud with your loved ones.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10. Arrange a teach-learn date with a friend, learn a skill, and teach what you are best at.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11. Identify topics on which you can share your knowledge with your peers.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12. Attend seminars, workshops, and conferences in your area of interest.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13. Travel to new places and blend education with leisure.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14. Visit (with children) local factories and laboratories to understand process of production</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>V. Perspective [wisdom]: </b><i>Perspective, which is often called wisdom, is distinct from intelligence and </i><i>involves a superior level of knowledge and judgment. This strength involves being able to provide wise </i><i>counsel to others. It allows its possessor to address important and difficult questions about morality and </i><i>the meaning of life. People with perspective are aware of broad patterns of meaning in their lives, their </i><i>own strengths and weaknesses, and the necessity of contributing to their society.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>The Devil’s Advocate </i>(1997), <i>American Beauty </i>(1999)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: My Way (Frank Sinatra), Strength, Courage, Wisdom, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (Lauryn Hill)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1. Explain the broad outlook of your life in one or two sentences as a weekly exercise.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2. Find purpose in the last five of your significant actions/decisions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3. Find someone wise (alive or someone who has passed on), read or watch a film on their life, and identify how their life can guide your decisions and actions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read quotes of wisdom and re-write them in small practical action steps for yourself.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Offer advice, but only when asked and after listening empathically to the seeker.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Become aware of the moral implications and potential consequences of your future actions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Reflect on the moral implications of scientific endeavors that directly affect your life.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pursue endeavors which have a significant impact on the world.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Exercise optimism and patience with tasks which challenge you most.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Examine a world event from historical, cultural and economic perspectives.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Seek a role, at least once every three months which requires you to council others.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Schedule time when you can optimally muse, analyze, reflect, and synthesize on an issue about which you feel ambivalent.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Connect your beliefs with your emotions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Build a network of friends and confidants with differing perspectives. Seek their council when you need expertise.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mentor a child in your neighborhood.</span></div>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">exercising will to accomplish goals in the face of opposition, external or internal</span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>I. Bravery [valor]: </b><i>Bravery is the capacity to take action to aid others in spite of significant risks or </i><i>dangers. This strength allows people to avoid shrinking from the threats, challenges, or pain associated </i><i>with attempting to do good works. Brave acts are undertaken voluntarily with full knowledge of the </i><i>potential adversity involved. Brave individuals place the highest importance on higher purpose and </i><i>morality, no matter what the consequences might be.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Schindler’s List </i>(1993), <i>Life as a House </i>(2001)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Resist social or peer pressure for noble values and causes in meaningful ways (write, speak out, participate in a protest, join an activist organization).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Speak up for or write about an unpopular idea in a group.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Take small, practical steps for a constructive social change.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Report an injustice, abuse, blatant unethical practice, or abuse of power or resources to</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">appropriate authorities, even if the perpetrator is someone close to you.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Protect or stand up for someone (such as a younger sibling or a battered woman) who will not otherwise stand up for themself.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ask difficult questions that help you and others face reality.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Clarify your values by thinking about how best they have served you in challenging situations.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cultivate a reputation for recognizing and appreciating brave acts which are accomplished despite challenges.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Identify an area in which you generally shy away from confrontations. Practice the phrases, the tones, and the mannerisms that will enable you to effectively confront the situation next time.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Collect contemporary stories of bravery in everyday life situations.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Don’t be afraid to be different but positive.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Don’t be afraid to befriend someone who is different but positive.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>II. Persistence [perseverance, industriousness]: </b><i>Persistence is the mental strength necessary to </i><i>continue striving for one’s goals in the face of obstacles and setbacks. This sort of perseverance requires </i><i>dedication, focus, and patience. Persistent individuals finish what they start, persisting in the quest to </i><i>achieve their goals in spite of any hardships they encounter along the way. The broader and more </i><i>ambitious one’s goals are, the more necessary persistence is in order to achieve them.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>The Piano </i>(1993), <i>The Legend of Bagger Vance </i>(2000)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: My Way (Frank Sinatra), On the Road to Find Out (Cat Stevens)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Plan a big project and finish it ahead of time.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Select two activities that you find engaging and meaningful and give 100% to them.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Set five small goals weekly. Break them into practical steps, accomplish them on time, and monitor your progress from week to week.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Work harder than usual at your most important goal.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Select a role-model who exemplifies perseverance and determine how you can follow her/his footsteps.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read an inspiring quotation or poem which motivates you to achieve your goals.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Seed some flowering plants early in the spring and tender them throughout the summer.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write your goals and aims and post them where you can see them regularly. Let them inspire you.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Manage a challenging task from start to finish at your work.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10. Take control of at least one new situation at home or work, one that you can handle. If you fail, revise your plan but don’t give up until you finish.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Regularly articulate your goals into specific actions. This helps you to stay motivated and persistent.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Keep a checklist of things to do and regularly update it.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend a seminar or workshop on time management.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Share your goals with your loved ones. Let them inspire you regularly.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Think about what you would like to accomplish in the next five years. Develop a road map and assess how your present skills match with your goals.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">16.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Be aware how to cut your losses in tasks which don’t require persistence.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">17.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For your next challenging task, make a realistic timeline.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>III. Integrity [authenticity, honesty]: </b><i>The strength of integrity is manifested speaking the truth and </i><i>presenting oneself in a genuine way. A person of integrity is open and honest about his or her own </i><i>thoughts, feelings, and responsibilities, being careful not to mislead through either action or omission. </i><i>This strength allows one to feel a sense of ownership over one’s own internal states, regardless of </i><i>whether those states are popular or socially comfortable, and to experience a sense of authentic </i><i>wholeness.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>A Few Good Men </i>(1992), <i>Erin Brockovich </i>(2000)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: My Way (Frank Sinatra), Strength, Courage, Wisdom, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (Lauryn Hill), The Rose (Bette Midler), On the Road to Find Out (Cat Stevens)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Refrain from telling small, white lies to friends and family (including insincere compliments). If you do tell one, admit it and apologize right away.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Think of creative yet honest ways of relating to others.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Monitor every time you tell a lie, even if it is a small one. Try to make your list shorter every day.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Monitor to catch lies of omission (such as not volunteering important information when selling a used item) and think how would you feel if someone did the same to you.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Rate your satisfaction with authentic, honest, and genuine deeds vs. inauthentic and less then honest actions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Monitor whether your next five significant actions match your words and vice-versa.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write on issues about which you feel moral obligation. It helps to crystallize and integrate thinking.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Think and act fairly when your face the next challenge, regardless of its impact on your position or popularity.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Identify your area of strongest moral convictions. Set your priorities according to your convictions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Seek roles with clear structure that allow you to be authentic and honest.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Learn and practice the ethical standards of your profession.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>IV. Vitality [zest, enthusiasm, vigor, energy]: </b><i>Vitality is an approach to life marked by an appreciation </i><i>for energy, liveliness, excitement, and energy. A vital person lives life as an adventure to be approached </i><i>whole-heartedly. A life of vigor allows one to experience the overlap of the mental and physical realms of </i><i>experience, as stress decreases and health increases. Vitality differs from contentment in that it involves </i><i>greater psychological and physiological activation and enthusiasm.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Cinema Paradiso </i>(1988, Italian), <i>My Left Foot </i>(1993), <i>One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest </i>(1975)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: My Way (Frank Sinatra)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do something that you already do, but with more energy, including some creative and different elements.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Exercise at least 2-3 times a week, and notice how it affects your energy level.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do a physical activity of your choice, one that you don’t “have to do” and that you are not told to do.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Improve your sleep hygiene by establishing regular sleep time, eating 3-4 hours before sleeping, avoiding doing any work in the bed, not taking caffeine late in the evening, etc. Notice changes in your energy level.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Think of ways to make an assignment exciting and engaging before you undertake it.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do a physically rigorous activity (bike riding, running, sports singing, playing) that you always wanted to do but have not done yet.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sing in a choir or play an instrument.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend a dance club, concert, or a performing art event.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Watch a sitcom or a comedy film weekly.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Socialize with friends who like to laugh heartily.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do at least one outdoor activity weekly such as hiking, biking, mountain climbing, brisk walking, or jogging, for an hour.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Take time to celebrate your next two accomplishments and victories.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Call old friend and reminisce good old times.</span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">CORE VIRTUE----HUMANITY</span></b></div>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">tending and befriending others</span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>I. Love: </b><i>Loving individuals value close relationships with others, in particular those in which sharing and </i><i>caring are reciprocated. Love can be expressed toward those we depend on, toward those who depend </i><i>on us, and toward those we feel romantic, sexual, and emotional attraction to. This strength allows people </i><i>to put their trust in others and make them a priority in making decisions. They experience a sense of deep </i><i>contentment from their devotion.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Doctor Zhivago </i>(1965), <i>The English Patient </i>(1996), <i>Sophie’s Choice </i>(1982), <i>The Bridges of the </i><i>Madison County </i>(1995), <i>Iris </i>(2001), <i>My Fair Lady </i>(1964)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: The Rose (Bette Midler), Isn't She Lovely (Stevie Wonder)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express (verbally and/or non-verbally) to your loved ones that no matter what happens, your love for them will remain unconditional.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express your love through physical gestures (hugs, kisses, cuddling, giving a gentle massage).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Focus on the implicit motives of your loved ones, rather their behaviors.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Explore and appreciate the strengths of your loved ones.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Arrange a date with your mate that celebrates both of your signature strengths.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express your love through gifts. When possible, create gifts yourself.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Always celebrate days or occasions that are mutually important.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express your love creatively (e.g., through a poem, notes, sketches, photographs of an important place, event or situation which reminds you of mutual love).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Help your loved ones with a self-improvement plan (e.g., a new class, weight loss, exercise, a new career).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Plan and host a dinner party with your significant other.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Reunite at the end of the day and discuss how it went.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend a concert, theatre, movies, or go dancing with your loved one.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Engage in a favorite activity (e.g., hiking, going to an amusement park, biking, walking in the park, swimming, camping, jogging) together.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend your child’s sporting events or performances (recital, play, etc) together.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Go out (without kids) for brunch or dinner.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">16.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Help your loved ones plan their future by helping them identify their signature strengths. Then, collaborate to design a future based on their signature strengths.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">17. If you want to help your loved ones, first consider their strengths. Design your help around their strengths.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">18.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tape record your parent’s earliest recollections and share them with your children.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">19.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make a family blessing journal in which everyone writes good things that happen to them daily.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>II. Kindness [generosity, nurturance, care, compassion, altruistic love, “nice-ness”]: </b><i>Kindness c</i><i>onsists of doing favors and good deeds for others without the expectation of personal gain. This strength </i><i>requires respect for others but also includes emotional affection. Kind people find joy in the act of giving </i><i>and helping other people, regardless of their degree of relatedness or similarity.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>As Good as it Gets </i>(1997), <i>The Cider House Rules </i>(1999), <i>Promise </i>(1986)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: Lean on Me (Al Green), You've Got a Friend (James Taylor or Mariah Carey), Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper or Tuck and Patti), Bridge Over Troubled Water (Simon and Garfunkel or Johnny Cash), I'll Be there for You (The Rembrants)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do three random acts of kindness per week for those whom you know (e.g., small favors for friends and neighbors, calling sick or sad friends, getting groceries for a friend busy in exams, or baby-sitting, etc).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do one random act of kindness weekly for someone you don’t know.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donate blood periodically.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Visit someone who is sick and in the hospital.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Visit someone in a nursing home or hospice.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Give gifts to others which involve experiential activities.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Take out a friend(s) on a surprise dinner and pay for it.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Say kinder and softer words to people when interacting through email, writing letters, talking on phone.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cook a nice meal for your loved ones.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Share your belongings with others (e.g., lawn mover, snow blower, jump cables).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make an inventory of your possessions, keep only what you absolutely need, and donate the rest.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donate your time to others through helpful actions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Greet others with smile.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>While driving, give way to others or hold the door.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Help fix someone’s flat tire.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">16.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Fix a community apparatus (such as playground equipment) even if you did not break it.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">17.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Stop and help someone who needs help on a highway.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>III. Social Intelligence [emotional intelligence, personal intelligence]: </b><i>Socially intelligent individuals </i><i>are aware of the emotions and intentions of themselves and others. No matter what the social situation is, </i><i>they attempt to make everyone involved feel comfortable and valued. Socially intelligent people are </i><i>perceptive of others’ feelings and honest about their own, and are generally adept at fostering healthy </i><i>relationships.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Driving Miss Daisy </i>(1989), <i>Children of a Lesser God </i>(1986), <i>K-Pax </i>(2001) <i>The Five Senses </i>(2001-Canadian)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: Lean on Me (Al Green), You've Got a Friend (James Taylor or Mariah Carey), Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper or Tuck and Patti), Bridge Over Troubled Water (Simon and Garfunkel or Johnny Cash), I'll Be there for You (The Rembrants)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Withhold a powerful and decisive argument which will win you the discussion but might hurt someone, at least twice a month.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Listen to your friends and siblings empathically, without preparing rebuttals, and simply reflect your feelings.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>If someone offends you, attempt to find at least one positive element in their motives.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend an uncomfortable social situation as an active observer and describe what you observe without any judgments.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Note and appreciate others in the light of their positive attributes.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write five personal feelings daily for four weeks and monitor patterns.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Watch a favorite TV program or film muted and write feelings observed.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express feelings appropriately to someone you have not done so far, and process them together.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ask someone close to you about times you did not emotionally understand him/her and how he/she would like to be emotionally understood in the future.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Listen to others with unconditional regard.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Notice when your family and friends grow. Congratulate them and record specific observations.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Identify which of your friends relates most emphatically with others. Observe them closely.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When working with others, emphasize the value of being agreeable.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In your close relationships, speak plainly and directly about your needs and wishes.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Perceive and acknowledge three sincere gestures of a friend.</span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">CORE VIRTUE----JUSTICE</span></b></div>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">healthy community life</span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>I. Citizenship [social responsibility, loyalty, teamwork]: </b><i>Citizenship involves working as a member of </i><i>a group for the common good. People with this strength are loyal to the organizations of which they are </i><i>members, ready to make personal sacrifices for their neighbors. The strength of citizenship is manifested </i><i>through a sense of social belonging and civic responsibility. Good citizens are not blindly obedient, and </i><i>when necessary they strive to change their groups for the better.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>LA Confidential </i>(1997), <i>Finding Forester </i>(2001), <i>Awakenings </i>(1990)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: Lean on Me (Al Green), You've Got a Friend (James Taylor or Mariah Carey), Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper or Tuck and Patti), Bridge Over Troubled Water (Simon and Garfunkel or Johnny Cash), I'll Be there for You (The Rembrants)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pick up litter on curbsides and put it in trashcans.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Volunteer weekly for a community service project in your town, one that deals with what you are best at.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Facilitate a group discussion and achieve consensus on a conflicting issue.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Help at least one person yearly to set goals and periodically check on their progress.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Arrange or attend at least one social gathering monthly.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spend at least half an hour weekly cleaning a communal place.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Decorate a communal place.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Play sports for your town or school.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Start a book club.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Car pool or give someone ride to work regularly.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Start a community garden.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donate blood or become an organ donor.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Seek a role in an organization or club that brings people of diverse cultures closer.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Volunteer for activities such as serving as a Big Brother or Big Sister or constructing a Habitat for Humanity house.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Organize a social gathering to bid farewell a parting neighbor or welcome a new neighbor.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">16.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Volunteer to deliver Meals on Wheels in a poor neighborhood.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">17.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ask your neighbors, especially elderly ones, if they need anything from super market.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">18.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Shovel snow or scrape ice for a neighbor.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">19.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cook a favorite meal for your neighbor or a friend.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>II. Fairness, Equity and Justice: </b><i>Fairness involves treating everyone according to universal ideals of </i><i>equality and justice. Fair individuals do not let their personal feelings bias their moral or ethical decisions </i><i>about others, but instead rely on a broad set of moral values. True fairness incorporates both a respect </i><i>for moral guidelines and a compassionate approach to caring for others. This strength is applicable at all </i><i>levels of society, from everyday interactions to international issues of social justice.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>The Emperor’s Club </i>(2002), <i>Philadelphia </i>(1993)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The next time you make a mistake, self-monitor to see whether you admit it.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The next time you present an argument, self-monitor to see whether you compromise fairness for social desirability.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Encourage equal participation of everyone, especially those who feel left out in a</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">discussion/activity.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Self-monitor to see whether your judgments are affected by your personal likes and dislikes or are based on principles of justice and fairness.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Recall and write about instances where you were unfair or could have been fairer. Consider how you could improve your future behavior.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Self-monitor to see whether you think about or treat people of other ethnicities and cultures stereotypically.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Serve on a club or organization that offers unprivileged people a leveling playing field.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write a letter to an editor or speak up on an important issue concerning social justice.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Politely discuss fairness with a friend whom you notice shows gender or ethnic bias.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Volunteer or learn about an organization which educates and campaigns for equal human rights.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Explore an ongoing event anywhere in the world where human rights are being violated and write your reactions and suggestions to promote social justice on that issue.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Watch a film or a documentary which exemplifies fairness, social justice, and equity.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read biographies of famous people who exemplify social justice such as Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Speak up for your group.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>III. Leadership: </b><i>Leadership is the process of motivating, directing, and coordinating members of a group </i><i>to achieve a common goal. Leaders assume a dominant role in social interaction, but effective leadership </i><i>requires listening to the opinions and feelings of other group members as much as it involves active </i><i>direction. Individuals who possess this strength are able to help their group to achieve goals in a </i><i>cohesive, efficient, and amiable manner.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Lawrence of Arabia </i>(1962), <i>Dances with Wolves </i>(1990)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Lead an activity, assignment or project and actively solicit opinions from group members.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Organize a family event that is intergenerational, including both young and old relatives.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Organize an event (surprise birthday party, shower, etc.) at your work that involves your</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">colleagues.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mentor a child in your neighborhood who would benefit from your skills.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Stand up for someone who is being treated unfairly.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Rotate leadership of an event or activity. Give others the chance to be leaders.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read a biography and/or watch film of your favorite leader and evaluate how he/she inspires you in practical ways.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When two people are in an argument, mediate by inviting others to share their thoughts and emphasizing problem solving.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Help coach Little League or other youth sports even if you don’t have a child playing.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Initiate and lead a new family tradition such as thematic reunions, anniversaries, surprise parties, family strength dates, etc.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Organize a town-wide or block-wide yard sale.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Host a block party or holiday open house.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gather and lead a group to clean a local park or cemetery.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Start a fitness or health group with your co-workers.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Participate in a local political campaign.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">16.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make a list of possible ways that you could improve your leadership style.</span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">CORE VIRTUE----TEMPERANCE</span></b></div>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">protecting against excess</span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>I. Forgiveness and Mercy: </b><i>This strength involves forgiving those who have wronged or offended us. </i><i>Forgiveness entails accepting the shortcomings of others, giving people a second chance, and putting </i><i>aside the temptation to hold a grudge or behave vengefully. Forgiveness allows one to put aside the self-</i><i>destructive negativity associated with anger and to extend mercy toward a transgressor.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Pay it Forward </i>(2000), <i>Terms of Endearment </i>(1983), <i>Dead Man Walking </i>(1995), <i>Ordinary People </i>(1980)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Remember times when you offended someone and were forgiven, then extend this gift to others.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Evaluate your emotions before and after forgiving someone.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Understand from the offender’s perspective why he/she offended you. Then assess whether your reaction is hurting you more than offender.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make a list of individuals against whom you hold a grudge, then either meet them personally to discuss it or visualize whether bygones can be bygones.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Meet a person who offended you in the past, especially if he/she is a family member. Tell them that you have forgiven them, or just be kind in your interaction with them.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ask for forgiveness from a Divine power according to your faith and assess how you feel</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pray for the noble behavior of your offender.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Identify how a grudge tortures you emotionally. Does it produce disruptive emotions (anger, hatred, fear, worry, sadness, anxiety, jealousy and such)? Write three ways these disruptive emotions affect your behavior.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Plan out what your response should be the next time someone offends you. Remind yourself of your plan (rehearse if possible) and periodically affirm, “No matter how he/she offends me, I will respond as I have planned.”</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Imagine your offender and consider whether you have any payback fantasies. Imagine in detail what might happen if you forgive the offender. Journal your reactions. Start with a moderate offense and continue till you achieve forgiveness and resolution. During this exercise continuously remind yourself this is a forgiving exercise, not a grudge-holding one.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>II. Humility / Modesty: </b><i>Humility and modest involve letting one’s strengths and accomplishments speak </i><i>for themselves. Individuals with this strength do not need to have low self-esteem, but merely avoid </i><i>seeking the spotlight and regarding themselves as better than others. Humble people are honest with </i><i>themselves about their own limitations and the fallibility of their own opinions, and are open to advice and </i><i>assistance from others.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Gandhi </i>(1982), <i>Little Buddha </i>(1994)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Resist showing off accomplishments for a week and notice the changes in your interpersonal relationships</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>At the end of each day, identify something you did to impress people or put on a show. Resolve not to do it again.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Resist showing off if you notice that you are better than someone else.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Resist showing off when others shows off.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Notice if you speak more than others in a group situation.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dress and speak modestly.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Compliment sincerely if you find someone is authentic and better than you in some ways.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Use environmental resources modestly (use recycled products, limit use of products which harm the environment, etc.).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Admit your mistakes and apologize even to those who are younger than you.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Utilize your sexual energies modestly (have one committed sexual partner).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ask a trusted friend for honest feedback about your weaknesses.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>III. Prudence: </b><i>Prudence is a practical orientation toward future goals. It entails being careful about one’s </i><i>choices, not taking undue risks, and keeping long-term goals in mind when making short-term decisions. </i><i>Prudent individuals monitor and control their impulsive behavior and anticipate the consequences of their </i><i>actions. This strength is not synonymous with stinginess or timidity, but instead involves an intell</i><i>igent and </i><i>efficient perspective towards achieving major goals in life.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Sense and Sensibility </i>(1995)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Think twice before saying anything. Do this exercise at least ten times a week and note its effects.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Drive cautiously and note that there are fewer time-bound emergencies than you actually think.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Remove all extraneous distractions before your make your next three important decisions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Consult with your significant others before making a final decision.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Visualize the consequences of your decisions in one, five, and ten years’ time.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do a risk-benefit analysis before making a final decision.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make important decisions when you are relaxed, not anxious or depressed.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Before cheating or lying even for trivial things, ask yourself whether you will need ten more lies to hide the first lie.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Avoid competitive situations that generally end in win-loss outcomes or in which you or your opponent have little chance to win.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Don’t hesitate to check as often as necessary to ensure all relevant details of your next important task are covered.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Evaluate the quality, efficiency, and wisdom of your next three projects and write down methods of improvement.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>IV. Self-Regulation [self-control]: </b><i>Self-regulation is the process of exerting control over oneself in order </i><i>to achieve goals or meet standards. Self-regulating individuals are able to control instinctive responses </i><i>such as aggression and impulsivity, responding instead according to pre-conceived standards of </i><i>behavior. This strength can apply both to resisting temptations, such as when a dieter avoids sugary </i><i>foods, and to initiating actions, such as when someone gets up early to exercise.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Forest Gump </i>(1994)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Set goals to improve your everyday living (e.g., room cleaning, laundry, doing dishes, cleaning your desk) and make sure you complete the tasks.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Monitor and eliminate distractions (phone, TV, computer) while focusing on a particular</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">assignment.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Eliminate objects of temptation (dieting – don’t eat junk food; alcohol – don’t socialize in bars; smoking – replace cigarettes with chewing gum; shopping – leave credit card or money at home)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Start a regular workout routine and make sure you stick to it.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Next time you get upset, try to control your emotions and focus on positive attributes.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Avoid talking about others in their absence.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When you get upset, try to do a progressive relaxation</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Self-congratulate for self-regulation when you successfully resist an indulgence.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Carefully create routines that you can follow thorough systematically. Make minor adjustments as needed but keep the core elements intact.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Establish a regular time and a place for most of your activities.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11. Identify your role models and examine them in detail. Let these details inspire and regulate your goals.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12. Pay close attentions to your biological clock. Do your most important tasks when you are most alert.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Do partial or complete fasting or deliberately resist a comfort (e.g., chocolate, ice-cream, sex, TV) for a while. Reward yourself with it after accomplishing a challenging task.</span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">CORE VIRTUE----TRANSCENDANCE</span></b></div>
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<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">forging connections to the larger universe and providing meaning</span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>I. Appreciation of Beauty and Excellence [awe, wonder, elevation]: </b><i>Individuals with an appreciation </i><i>for beauty feels a sense of awe at the scenes and patterns around them. They take pleasure in observing </i><i>physical beauty, the skills and talents of other people, and the beauty inherent to virtue and morality. </i><i>Beauty can be found in almost every area of life, from nature to arts to mathematics to science to </i><i>everyday experience. This strength allows people to experience satisfaction and richness in everyday </i><i>experiences.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Out of Africa </i>(1985), <i>The Color of Paradise </i>(2000- Iranian)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: Isn't She Lovely (Stevie Wonder), Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World (Israel Kamakawiwo'ole)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Notice at least one instance of natural beauty around you every day (sunrise, sunset, clouds, sunshine, snowfall, rainbows, trees, moving leaves, birds chirping, flowers, fruits and vegetables, etc).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make your surroundings aesthetically beautiful.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Listen a piece of music or a watch a film and evaluate how it touches you aesthetically.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Visit a museum, pick a piece of art, and consider how it touches you aesthetically.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write your aesthetic/artistic reactions to another person’s artistic expression.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Appreciate a beautiful piece of architecture, dress, sculpture, pottery, poetry, prose, etc.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Explore expression of beauty in different cultures.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hang a bird feeder and observe the birds.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Decorate the outside of your home on special occasions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Explore beauty in the face of a child.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Take mental pictures of art and note how they affect your everyday life. Do they make you feel more happy, cheerful, and fulfilled?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Take pictures of natural scenes or your loved ones and make them your PC’s desktop.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Note weekly how the goodness of other people affects your life.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Think of something that contains beauty, love, and connection at least once a day.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For next three projects, pick at least one. Instead of doing it meticulously, prioritize to do it with care and an appreciation for beauty.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">16.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Attend local exhibits of clothes, jewelry, cultural artifacts, and paintings.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">17.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Experience at least once a day the excellence, beauty, and joy expressed through colors, sounds, flavors, images, ideas, aromas, sensations, or words.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">18.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Notice how others appreciate beauty and excellence through specific words, expressions, gestures, and actions.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">19.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Notice and admire excellence of someone’s character strengths.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">20.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Appreciate the subtle changes of different seasons.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>II. Gratitude: </b><i>Gratitude is an awareness of and thankfulness for the good things in one’s life. Grateful </i><i>individuals take time to express thanks and contemplate all that they have been given in life. Gratitude </i><i>can be directed at a specific person, at a Divinity, or simply expressed outwardly for the mere fact of </i><i>existence. This strength is a mindset of appreciation and goodwill for the benefits derived from other </i><i>people.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Sunshine </i>(2000), <i>Fried Green Tomatoes </i>(1991)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: Strength, Courage, Wisdom, Isn't She Lovely (Stevie Wonder)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Consider how this statement describes your usual mental state: “A still mind sees what is good and present. An anxious mind sees what is negative and missing.” Still your mind for five minutes in the morning and in the evening.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Count three your blessings (good things that happened to you) before going to bed every day.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express your gratitude to someone whom haven’t told before, preferably through a personal visit.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Every day, select one small yet important thing that you take for granted. Work on being mindful of this thing in the future.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Notice how many times you say thanks and whether you mean it every time.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express gratitude by leaving a note for someone who has helped your intellectual growth (e.g., a high school teacher).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express thanks to all who contributed to your success, no matter how small their contribution might have been.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express thanks without just saying “thanks”-- be more descriptive and specific (e.g., “I appreciate your prudent advice”).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write three apprehensions that you feel when you wake every morning. Before you go to bed, write three good things that happened to you and why. Then evaluate your apprehensions in light of the good things.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10. Set aside at least ten minutes every day to savor a pleasant experience. Decide to withhold any conscious decisions during these ten minutes.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write a letter to an editor about an event that brought your community closer.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Express gratitude to public officials such as police officers, fire fighters, and postal workers.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Before eating, think of all people who have contributed to what you are eating. Do this at least once a week.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Over dinner, talk with your loved ones about two good things that happened to them during the day.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Think of three past adversities and identify three serendipitous goods they led to.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">16.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Reminisce about your best moments of recognition, achievement, praise, and connection.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>III. Hope [optimism, future-mindedness, future orientation]: </b><i>Hope is the expectation that good things </i><i>will happen in the future. Hopeful individuals are confident that their efforts toward future goals will lead to </i><i>their fruition. This strength leads people to expect the best from themselves and others.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Gone with the Wind </i>(1939), <i>Life is beautiful </i>(1998-Italian), <i>Good Will Hunting </i>(1997)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Songs: Strength, Courage, Wisdom, The Rose (Bette Midler), Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World (Israel Kamakawiwo'ole)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Recall a situation when you or someone close to you overcame a difficult obstacle and succeeded.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>List all the bad things that happened to you, then find at least two positive for each.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Visualize where and what you want to be after one, five and ten years. Sketch a pathway that you can follow to get there.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Record your negative and positive thoughts and notice how they affect your future performance.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read about someone who succeeded despite difficulties and setbacks.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Recall bad decisions you made, forgive yourself, and see how you can make better decisions in the future.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>When facing adversity, focus how you overcame a similar adversity in the past.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mentally rehearse your next anticipated challenge. Build perspective by managing obstacles rather then trying to eliminate all of them.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>For the next three challenging tasks, identify what would work best for you, thinking your way into right action or acting your way into right thinking.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Document past three accomplishments in detail and let them inspire your future.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Surround yourself with optimistic and future-minded friends, particularly when you face a setback.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12. Schedule at least fifteen minutes twice a week to spend generating optimistic ideas. Write them down and list actions you can take to realize your ideas. Discuss your ideas with your friends and make them partners in your endeavors.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>IV. Humor [playfulness]: </b><i>Humor involves an enjoyment of laughing, friendly teasing, and bringing </i><i>happiness to others. Individuals with this strength see the light side of life in many situations, finding </i><i>things to be cheerful about rather than letting adversity get them down. Humor does not necessarily refer </i><i>just to telling jokes, but rather to a playful and imaginative approach to life.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Patch Adams </i>(1999)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bring smile to someone’s face every day through jokes, gestures, and playful activities.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Learn a new joke three times a week and tell them to friends.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Watch a sitcom, funny show/movie, or read a comic daily.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cheer up a gloomy friend.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Find the fun and lighter side in most situations.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Be friends with someone who has great sense of humor.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Impersonate someone and share this with someone close to you.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Go out with your friends at least once a month for bowling, hiking, cross-country skiing, biking, and such.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make a snowman when it snows or play volleyball at the beach.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Send funny emails to your friends.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dress up for Halloween.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Play with your pet daily.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">13.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Go watch fireworks with your loved ones.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">14.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Go with your loved ones to a baseball, hockey, or basketball game.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">15.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Go with your loved ones to a holiday show.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>V. Spirituality [religiousness, faith, purpose]: </b><i>Spirituality is a universal part of human experience </i><i>involving knowledge of one’s place within the larger scheme of things. It can include but is not limited to </i><i>religious belief and practice. Spirituality affords us an awareness of the sacred in everyday life, a sense of </i><i>comfort in the face of adversity, and the experience of transcending the ordinary to reach something </i><i>fundamental.</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Movies: <i>Contact </i>(1997), <i>The Apostle </i>(1997), <i>Priest </i>(1994, British)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spend some time every day in at least one activity that connects you with a higher power or reminds you where you fit in the large scheme of things.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Spend ten minutes daily in breathing deeply, relaxing, and meditating (emptying the mind of thoughts by focusing on breathing).</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">3.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mindfully worship and/or pray for five to ten minutes a day.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">4.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Read a spiritual or religious book every day for half an hour.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">5.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Explore different religions – take a class, research over the internet, meet a person of different religion, or attend the congregation of a different religion.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">6.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Note whether your everyday actions have any spiritual significance. If not, think ways of connecting the two.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">7.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Explore a fundamental purpose of your life and link your actions to that purpose.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">8.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Reflect how your spiritual beliefs and practices connect you with others authentically.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">9.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Make a weekly list of experiences that forge strong connections in your life.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">10.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Write your eulogy or ask your loved ones how they would like to remember you.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">11.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Build relationships with people who appreciate your ability to help them identify and solve problems.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">12.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Connect with people and organization that enhances your signature strengths.</span></div>
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<br /></div>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-29245566774741104652011-05-29T19:29:00.001+10:002012-04-02T07:43:07.721+10:00Gil Scott-Heron<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Aujourd'hui,</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">j'ai découvert ce musicien</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">de soul, jazz, blues, rap,</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">à sa mort</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Je connaissais aussi la grande famine de 1840 sans savoir qu'une fosse commune de 6 milles irlandais côtoie le pont Victoria à Montréal (<a href="http://www.memorablemontreal.com/print/batiments_menu.php?quartier=14&batiment=257&section=Array&menu=histoire">Montréal en quartiers</a>). Sans savoir non plus le nombre de drames survenus à la suite de leur embarquement sur des navire-cercueils vers le Canada et les États-Unis pour échapper à la famine. Un de ces drames est l'histoire du navire Hannah qui a coulé près des côtes terre-neuviennes en 1849. L'histoire est raconté par le brillant réalisateur montréalais Brian McKenna dans son film présenté sur CBC '<a href="http://www.cbc.ca/documentaries/doczone/video.html?ID=1846562536">Famine and Shipwreck, an Irish Odyssey</a>'<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px;"><i>. </i></span></span> </span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-38187761612304286762011-04-05T21:27:00.002+10:002012-03-30T13:29:45.881+11:00Tout doit être envers Harper<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Bien que j'aie étudié en sciences po, je n'apprécie pas particulièrement partager mon opinion politique sur le web. Je déroge cependant <span lang="FR-CA">aujourd’hui</span> à la règle, car je suis inquiète des résultats possibles de l'élection en cours au Canada. Et oui, je suis inquiète car j'ai peur de Harper et qu’il puisse obtenir la majorité. S'il est majoritaire, il aura tous les pouvoirs de passer les lois qu’il miroite depuis 2003, supporté par la discipline de parti. Je crois avoir des arguments raisonnables pour souhaiter éviter un gouvernement conservateur majoritaire, envers et contre tous.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">D’abord, Harper souhaite la fin des subventions aux partis politiques fédéraux. S'il n'y a plus de subventions, les partis devront compenser la perte de leurs revenus par l'obtention de montants plus importants de la part des individus et des entreprises. Pour ce faire, Harper devra d'abord modifier la Loi électorale du Canada qui réglemente le financement des formations politiques. Plus d'argent de la part des individus et des entreprises signifie un gouvernement soumis aux demandes des corporations qui appuient ses campagnes. Les derniers scandales aux États-Unis nous ont bien appris que les corporations agissent selon leur tableau excel plutôt qu’en considérant le bien-être de la population. Si ce n’était pas le cas, il n'y aurait certainement pas eu la crise financière américaine de 2008, Enron, Martha Stewart, et les autres. Alors, il est mieux d'éviter une trop grande ingérence des intérêts privés dans la politique, qui devrait plutôt répondre aux biens communs. De plus, il serait dommage de décourager les personnes, qui souhaitent déposer leur candidature pour devenir deputé, mais qui n’ont pas les connections et l'argent nécessaire pour promouvoir leur candidature. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Le Canada a l'un des pires bilans en matière d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre. La philosophie de Stephen Harper en matière de politique environnementale est qu'il faut privilégier l'environnement à l'économie. Je crois que Harper est un néo-classique qui favorise le profit au détriment de la planète et des personnes et a une vision limitée du pays sur le court terme. Le Canada ne pourra pas progresser en matière d’environnement tant que Harper sera au pouvoir.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Plus de 20 ans après la légalisation de l'avortement, il est justifié de penser que Harper aimerait bien réouvrir ce dossier s'il est majoritaire et adopté le projet de loi C-484 afin de criminaliser certaines femmes enceintes pour des comportements perçus comme étant “dangereux” pour leur foetus. Sur la scène internationale, Harper a déjà décidé de cesser le financement de l'avortement et est ainsi responsable de la deterioration de la santé de femmes dans les pays en développement. En effet, plusieurs sources affirment que l'avortement illégal est une des causes principales de décès maternel dans le monde. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">S'il est majoritaire, il est raisonnable de croire qu'il abolira le registre des armes à feu. Est-ce si éreintant et cher de préserver ce registre? J'ai l'impression que Harper veut l'abolir davantage pour plaire à un certain électorat que réellement par lourdeur bureaucratique. Est-ce que le Canada n’a vraiment pas les capacités financières de préserver ce registre et ce au détriment de notre sécurité?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Pour moi, Harper est un danger parce qu'il représente un changement idéologique au Canada. Alors que nous avons l'habitude de gouvernements de centre, Harper est un gouvernement de droite qui me fait réellement peur. Je vais donc voter d'ici, de l'Australie. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Bon vote!</span></div>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-84665718190277308302010-09-22T14:02:00.002+10:002012-03-30T13:29:56.832+11:00Je me souviens de la couche d'ozone<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Je suis vraiment désolée de vous apprendre que j'avais oublié que nous avons un trou dans notre couche d'ozone. En effet, le nouveau 'trend' est le réchauffement climatique, mais il y a quinze ou vingt ans, le 'mainstream' était plutôt le trou dans la couche d'ozone et les CFC. C'est quand même fantastique de penser que, alors que la communauté internationale s'était mobilisée pour éliminer les CFC, cette même communauté ne peut s'entendre sur les changements climatiques, la rareté des ressources, la croissance de la population, et la nécessité de changer nos technologies.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Enfin, je veux seulement vous partager que c'est en Australie que je me suis souvenue de la couche d'ozone et de son trou. Pourquoi? Parce qu'en fait, malgré ma crème solaire La Roche 50++, ma peau brûle! Ça c'est vraiment incroyable! Et rien à voir avec ma petite peau de semi-rouquine fragile, je n'ai jamais aussi rapidement brûlé qu'en Australie. D'ailleurs, l'Australie compte le taux de cancer de la peau le plus élevé au monde, et les Australiens ne cessent de me rappeler le trou de la couche. Leur explication m'a surprise au début... J'avais complètement oublié la couche d'ozone. Alors, quand ma prof Renée en deuxième année du primaire m'a réprimandée devant toute la classe pour avoir coiffé des filles dans la cour d'école avec du 'spray net', c'était donc de ça qu'elle parlait... Eh bien oui! Encore 50 ans à attendre semble-t-il avant que les Australiens puissent retrouver l'utilité de leur crème solaire 50.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-15689010193465207982010-09-07T21:47:00.006+10:002012-03-30T13:30:17.632+11:00Palm Oil Industry Presentation<div class="prezi-player">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a href="http://prezi.com/ouirkizgzovf/7-palm-oil-producers-final-dont-edit/" title="Stakeholder Analysis">Palm Oil Producers </a>on <a href="http://prezi.com/">Prezi</a></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Presentation by Julie, Adam and Marc in their "Managing for Sustainability" class.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">To see the presentation with a few 'out-takes' - just <a href="http://bit.ly/cIV7K8">CLICK HERE</a>.</span><br />
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.Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-80375597767870497262010-08-01T12:42:00.007+10:002012-03-30T13:30:34.584+11:00Visite à la clinique<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Il y a deux semaines, j'ai commencé à sentir un point subtil, mais désagréable, près de l'omoplate. J'avais la forte impression que mon mal devait être un nerf serré entre deux os. Ce mal subtil s'est tranquillement répandu jusqu'au haut de mon bras, souffrant lorsque je respirais, riait ou éternuait. Il y avait sûrement un lien entre mon mal et le déplacement de mes os. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">C'est à ce moment-là que j'ai décidé que je devais visiter un médecin. J'ai donc marché dans mon quartier pour dénicher une clinique. J’ai choisi la première rencontrée qui m'apparaissait normale, bien que peu moderne. La secrétaire était sympa et d'origine serbe. En fait, j'étais dans la clinique d'un médecin serbe. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Mon copain et moi, nous attendions dans la salle d'attente quand un vieil homme est sorti du cabinet. Accroupi sur sa canne, il nous a demandé ‘Where are you from?’. ‘I am Canadian and he is Colombian’ et, à notre tour, nous lui avons demandé son origine. Le vieil homme a dit qu'il était Allemand. À ce moment-là, j'ai pensé malgré moi qu'il avait les traits typiques de ces Allemands dans les films nazis qui ont le rôle de l'extrême méchant, incarné d'une grande cruauté, même frôlant la folie. Il avait une tête carrée avec quelques cheveux coupés très court, des lèvres très minces, et de petites dents bien cachées. Bien sûr, il nous regardait de ses yeux bleus acier. Et bien, ce vieil allemand a ajouté qu'il avait fui l'Allemagne parce qu'il faisait parti de l'armée d'Hitler. Je suis restée très bouchebée, un peu par son histoire, mais surtout par cette ouverture a raconté un passé controversé. Il est parti sans montrer un soupçon de moralité, un sourire satisfait sur les lèvres. Mon copain et moi nous nous sommes regardés et je lui ai demandé 'Entendiste lo que entendi?' mettant en doute ce que j’avais pu comprendre en Anglais. La secrétaire sympa est venue immédiatement ouvrir la porte disant que le vieil homme sentait vraiment mauvais et qu'elle n'en pouvait plus de le sentir pendant qu'il attendait dans la salle d'attente.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Mon tour est arrivé et je suis entré au cabinet du médecin serbe, trop mince, dans un ensemble tout brun, pas un très bel homme, avec une verrue sur une joue qui n’embellissait pas son visage gris. Je n'ai pas pu m'empêcher de me questionner si le Collège des Médecins australien était moins strict que le nôtre, ce qui expliquerait peut-être sa licence. Il n'était pas né en Australie, ça c'était certain: j’entendais son accent et il avait conservé son look soviétique. Je suis remplie de clichés, je sais, mais j'ai même pensé à son rôle dans la guerre en ex-Yougoslavie. Qui sait? Mais quand je suis entrée dans son cabinet! Ça sentait le pet! À moins que je retourne consulter ce médecin, je ne pourrais jamais savoir si l'odeur venait du vieil allemand qui m'avait précédé ou du médecin vêtu tout de brun qui passait son temps à péter la porte fermée dans son cabinet. Son cabinet était à l’image de ses vêtements, brun et usé. Le papier que les médecins changent avant d'inviter un patient à s'assoir sur la longue chaise était gris, et ne semblait pas avoir été changé depuis plusieurs clients. Heureusement, le médecin ne m'a pas invité à m'allonger, ni ne m'a offert une robe d'hôpital. Après voir entendu l’énumération de mes symptômes, il a timidement soulevé mon chandail et a examiné mon dos. J'ai reçu une prescription pour des anti-inflammatoires. Mon mal est maintenant presque disparu et j'ai même pu retourner à la piscine ce vendredi. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-84503998846761047322010-07-29T15:29:00.006+10:002012-03-30T13:30:48.467+11:00L'anglais, cette langue si maudite, mais tellement utile!<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Voici un vieux thème québécois: la place de l'anglais parmi nous! Oui, je répète, je suis assez consternée de constater que la plupart des Québécois qui terminent le secondaire ne savent toujours pas l'anglais. Pourtant ne pas savoir l'anglais lorsque celle-ci est la lingua franca de ce monde ne nous désavantage-t-il? </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">La solution n'est probablement pas d'autoriser les francophones a fréquenté l'école anglaise, alors que la loi 101 nous a bien servi et a réussi sa mission auprès de nos immigrants. Il y a certainement des solutions modérées qui pourraient être acceptés même par ceux qui évoquent spontanément la bataille des Plaines lorsqu'il est question de l'enseignement de l'anglais (clin d'oeil à mon titre). </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Attention! je suis fidèle à ma province, mais je suis aussi consciente de notre handicap de ne pas savoir bien l'anglais dès que nous nous exilons de notre patelin natal. D'abord, est-ce qu'il est normal que cette langue si essentielle ne soit enseignée qu'une heure par semaine, à la même fréquence que l'art plastique? Aussi, est-ce qu'il est normal que nos classes d'anglais soient enseignées en Français, souvent par des professeurs qui ne sont eux-mêmes pas bilingues? </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Il est urgent de prendre au sérieux l'apprentissage de l'anglais et que son apprentissage soit démocratisé à toutes les classes sociales, non seulement à ces familles un peu plus fortunées qui expédient leurs enfants dans des camps anglophones en Ontario ou investissent dans une année scolaire à l'école privée anglophone pour ensuite intégrer le réseau public anglophone. Les cours d'anglais devraient être grandement améliorés et davantage de programmes d'immersion devraient être offerts aux petits Québécois. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Je vous invite aussi à lire le texte de Rima Elkouri dans La Presse du 14 mai 2010</span><br />
<a href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/chroniqueurs/rima-elkouri/201005/14/01-4280268-la-fenetre.php"></a>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-76586297763912687232010-06-23T16:43:00.004+10:002012-03-30T13:31:00.814+11:00Building Trustful Relations at Work (Con't)<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Conflict is inimical to trust. However, trust is important to create a more enjoyable work environment: between the manager and the employees, and also among all employees as a group team. Actually, everyone needs trust. As mentioned by O’Neill (2002, Lecture 1), ‘we need [trust] because we have to be able to rely on others acting as they say that they will, and because we need others to accept that we will act as we say we will.’ </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Furthermore, research shows that conflict negatively influences trust, thus the management conflict approach is determinant upon trust within a team (Hempel, Zhang & Tjosvold 2009). Moreover, De Dreu (2008) highlighted the importance of trust within the team to aim for a better experience of conflict, while Hempel, Zhang and Tjosvold (2009) added that the cooperative management of conflict within a team contributes to developing trust. Furthermore, this perception of trust is described as the comfort to discuss issues, to rely upon each team member, and to solve future problems together. While competitiveness results in a win-lose situation, an absence of trust and the isolation of the members in an individual race for performance, research showed that cooperation demonstrates high team coordination and performance (Hempel, Zhang & Tjosvold 2009), two common standards of economic measurement. However, the literature does not relate the link between trust and accountability, which will be my purpose in the following.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Indeed, as a person involved in the process of conflict resolution, a manager would need to have gained the trust of the parties. But more than a gain of trust, O’Neill (2002, Lecture 3) highlighted the link between accountability and trust. Therefore, the recognition as being a trustful manager may be acquired through my accountability to manage conflicts. Two articles of my literature review identified the following rules in managing conflicts: separation between the people and the problem, sense of objectivity and fairness, respectful communication through good questioning and listening, avoidance of imposed solutions, and respect of confidentiality (Fisher, Ury & Patton 1991; Government of Alberta 2007). A manager must therefore consider the rules listed above to avoid deceptions from the employees in his/her way of managing conflicts, fairness being in my judgment the most important rule to respect. I appreciate how O’Neill characterises deceptions as being ‘the real enemy of trust’. Indeed, as trust is difficult to acquire, trust will be easily lost: a consequence of deception. As the results of a competitive approach to trust, the consequences of deception are also hard to reverse. O’Neill (2002, Lecture 5) cited the Kantian ideas to clarify that the consequences of deception are not only the loss of trust, but more than this, the failure to treat others as equal mortals.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-42915905974797172292010-06-21T19:12:00.003+10:002012-03-30T13:31:14.690+11:00Managers' Moral Accountability<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Managers are accountable for encouraging a healthy environment and their behaviour largely determines the atmosphere at the workplace.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">A position of authority must not allow a manager to use ‘forcing responses’ such as ‘I’m the boss, so we’ll do it my way’ (Carlopio & Andrewartha 2008, p. 344). The ‘forcing responses’ may be perceived by leaders as being strong and imposing, however Carlopio and Andrewartha (2008) described the consequence of this approach as producing resentments and lower morale. Additionally, O’Neill (2002, Lecture 3) mentioned the importance of being ‘intelligently accountable’ through ‘more attention to good governance and fewer fantasies about total control.’ Finally, as with the ‘forcing response’, all ‘competitive’ approaches lead to the frustration of the team members, a sensation of unfairness and denigration from the managers (Coetzer & Trimble 2010). </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">I will continue further arguing that, according to the Stephen Darwall’s concept of a ‘Second-Person Standpoint’ (2006), the ‘forcing response’ does not respect the ‘equal moral authority’ and instead involves the commanding of one party over another. Rather, the concept of ‘equal moral authority’ presents the idea to avoid two clans, ‘them’ and ‘me’, and oppositely, introduces the respect of ‘us’ allowing growth as a team. Furthermore, the cooperative approach is based in this respect of human being’s dignity to handle the conflict enquiring: ‘This is my position, what is yours?’, ‘How can we resolve it?’ (Carlopio & Andrewartha 2008, p. 347). In addition, according to Coetzer and Trimble (2010, p. 25), the election of a conflict management approach corresponds to a ‘high or low concern for self with high or low concern for others’. Therefore, a high concern for self and others will lead to a cooperative style which intends to satisfy the needs of all parties, respecting their dignity. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Carlopio and Andrewartha (2008, p. 352) cite research concluding that the ‘forcing response’ is the most common way to manage conflict. This approach aims to ‘get my way’ and to remove dignity from the employees, leaving them with feelings of defeat and humiliation. In the context that the ‘forcing response’ is the most common approach, I may conclude that the use of a cooperative approach would introduce a change of culture in the relations between managers and employees, a welcome for a mutual ‘visit’ to each other’s thoughts, interests, and preoccupations.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-38328074733253961362010-06-21T18:32:00.003+10:002012-03-30T13:31:27.163+11:00Toujours les mêmes thèmes<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">L'Allemand Robert Koldewey a découvert l'ancienne Babylone à la fin du 19e siècle et ses tablettes cunéiformes. Lors de la lecture des tablettes, Koldewey a été surpris de reconnaître le premier texte scolaire, le premier dictionnaire, la première comptabilité et des textes sur des thèmes variés incluant les plaintes de parents face aux enfants qui ne les respectent pas, des poèmes d'amour, et des chansons épiques. En effet, quelle surprise de découvrir que les auteurs de ces textes se préoccupaient des mêmes thèmes qui sont discutés et écrits dans nos sociétés modernes: l'éducation, la comptabilité, les rêves, et les espoirs. L'Homme est bien le même depuis le commencement des temps!</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Source: Diana Uribe, Historia de las Civilizaciones</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-78045359193506477952010-05-23T16:10:00.004+10:002012-03-30T13:31:38.264+11:00Les saisons à l'envers<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Je suis en ce moment à Sydney, en Australie. Je vis donc les saisons à l'envers. Il y a quatre saisons à Sydney, parce que la ville est sous le Tropique du Capricorne. Pour la même raison, il y a quatre saisons en Argentine et au Chili. Maintenant, c'est l'automne. Comme au Canada, les feuilles de certains arbres deviennent orangées et tombent de leur branche. Par contre, elles ne deviennent pas rouge ni jaune. Comme au Canada, il pleut beaucoup durant l'automne. Mais contrairement au Canada, l'Australie est un pays qui souffre tellement de sécheresse répétitive que je ne peux que me réjouir devant autant de pluie. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Pour éviter l'hiver qui arrive, je vais voyager au nord du Tropique du Capricorne. Je pourrais voler quelques heures vers l'ouest et aller jusqu'à Darwin, peut-être monter à bord d'un petit bateau et laver des perles pour gagner quelques dollars. Je pourrais aller au désert visiter la roche sacrée, à Uluru. J'ai plutôt opté pour la côte de New South Wales et la forêt pluviale tropicale près de Cairns, dans l'État du Queensland.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-62413981144102206682010-05-23T11:00:00.005+10:002012-03-30T13:32:01.438+11:00Mirage d'un virage politique en Colombie?<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">À une semaine des élections présidentielles en Colombie, je me sens plus inquiète et enthousiaste que lors de n'importe quelle élection au Canada. Devant le mirage d'un changement si important dans la pensée politique de la Colombie, je ne peux que croiser les doigts jusqu'à dimanche prochain, le 30 mai. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Je me souviens assez bien du référendum de 1995. Pour moi, la campagne, le vote et le résultat du référendum ont été les moments les plus émotionnels de la politique québécoise. Le taux de participation sans précédent de 85% a démontré que plusieurs Québécois étaient convaincus de l'importance viscérale de leur vote. Jamais une élection provinciale ou fédérale pourrait créer tant d'agitation. En effet, nous vivons dans une démocratie bien établie, tous les partis importants jouent au centre, un peu à gauche, un peu à droite, donc l'élection de l'un ou de l'autre n'aura jamais des conséquences plus désastreuses que de cohabiter avec un gouvernement peu écolo ou un budget qui ne favorise pas la classe moyenne. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Bref, toute cette intro pour mettre en perspective l'importance clé des résultats d'élection dans certains pays. Il suffit de penser à W Bush et Gore en 2000, ou à Chavez et Salas en 1998. L’histoire qui se traçait en 2000 aux États-Unis et au Venezuela en 1998 se joue maintenant en Colombie. Dans une semaine va se terminer la campagne présidentielle entre les deux principaux candidats, Mockus et Santos. Santos est l'ex-Ministre de la défense sous le gouvernement actuel d’Uribe, le parti de la U; Mockus est un ex-maire de Bogota et ancien recteur de la plus importante université publique du pays. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Quand j'ai vécu en Colombie, j'ai pensé et conversé souvent à propos d’une solution aux problèmes d'inégalité, à la rigidité des classes sociales, et à la violence des groupes armés et des narcotrafiquants. Avec ma perception et ma culture politique et sociale canadienne, j'ai pensé que la solution passerait par l'éducation et par un changement de culture. N'est-il pas facile d'éteindre le jugement des citoyens par une absence d'éducation? N'est-il pas facile d'accepter la corruption quand elle est exercée par ses pairs et ses supérieurs? Je ne pensais pas qu'une personne pourrait arriver si rapidement sur la scène politique et avancer ces idées qui paraissent parfois si logiques pour un oeil extérieur. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">D’abord, la Colombie m'a beaucoup impressionnée en refusant le changement de la Constitution pour permettre la réelection d'Uribe, un président ayant pourtant cumulé des taux records d'acceptation, plus élevés encore que Lula au Brésil. Le résultat m’a d’autant plus épatée parce que le changement de Constitution pour permettre des réélections infinies des présidents latino américains est devenu très populaire au cours des dernières années. Maintenant, la Colombie m’étonne encore par les intentions de vote en faveur de l'élection du candidat Mockus. Si dimanche prochain Mockus gagne les élections, la Colombie pourra expérimenter un virage politique immense. Mockus inspire beaucoup d'espoir afin de changer les éléments négatifs de la culture colombienne et permettre un accès égal à l'éducation. De plus, pendant que la gauche normalement a peu de faveur en Colombie parce que facilement associée au mouvement des guérillas, son mouvement est le seul qui soit aussi populaire tout en étant de centre-gauche. Son «Parti Verde» me rappelle la social-démocratie canadienne ou scandinave et j’espère donc que le "mockusianisme" remportera les élections.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-77143422451749113162010-05-06T20:55:00.004+10:002012-03-30T13:32:17.024+11:00Histoire de racisme<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Je vis en Australie depuis le mois de février 2010. Un des premiers reportages que j'ai regardé à la TV recensait les commentaires d'étudiants étrangers sur leur crainte d'être victime de racisme en Australie. À la suite de quelques commentaires relatant l’inquiétude des uns et l’indifférence des autres, le reportage a montré les prises de caméra d'un homme d'origine indienne, gravement blessé, enrubanné presque des pieds à la tête, dans un lit d'hôpital. Je me souviens avoir dit que je ne croyais pas que le racisme serait un de mes soucis en Australie. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Oui, pourquoi moi? Je suis blanche dans un monde de blancs. Je suis du Canada, un pays avec une histoire britannique, tel que l'Australie. Et même si je n'étais pas dans un pays de "blancs", avouez que nous, les blancs, nous vivons assez paisiblement peu importe où l'on va. En Afrique, un noir peut privilégier un blanc; en Amérique Latine, un latino peut donner une grande notoriété à un blanc. Partout où nous allons, ou du moins, partout où je suis allée, je reconnais la prédominance du blanc sur les autres (je ne dis pas que j'accepte cette prédominance, mais que je la remarque). Bref, c’est ici, dans un monde de blancs, qu’une personne m’a manqué de respect en raison de mon origine. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Nous avons peut-être été insultés parce que mon copain va en Inde et qu’on lui répond en Hindi, qu’il va en Malaisie et qu’il est invité dans la file des citoyens Malaisiens et que peut-être que quelques Australiens hostiles en ont ras-le-bol de ces communautés. Mais c’est peut-être parce que l’on parlait espagnol (mais le crétin n'a pas fait la différence et de toute façon sa conception est le "nous" versus le "eux") qu’il nous a balancé nos sacs posés sur le siège du train et jeté nos papiers sur le sol sans démontrer aucun remord, seulement du dédain. Oui, c'était juste un vieux, comme on dirait au Québec, qui vit dans un autre monde, de l'autre époque (type Claude Mailhot et Alain Goldberg), mais peu importe, la situation a été extrêmement frustrante. Quelques minutes plus tard, le même "déshumanisé" a lancé fort "Hey, give me a break" à un homme, pas du tout Australien "de souche" qui parlait à ses copains. J'étais sidérée. J'étais tellement choquée. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Et ensuite, il y a cet Indien (genre pas très grand, il pourrait être un petit frère, il a un gentil visage) dans un de mes cours que j’ai croisé un soir et qui m’a raconté qu'il avait été battu il y a quelques semaines. Je voyais au dessus de son œil gauche la blessure qui fissurait son sourcil. J’étais choquée, mais j’ai été encore plus interloquée lorsque j'ai écouté pas seulement une de ses histoires, mais plusieurs de ses histoires du genre claques derrière la tête dans un resto… Il a même reçu un oreiller derrière la tête dans son vol depuis Singapore. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Enfin, mon petit mot n'est pas pour vous dire que l'Australie est raciste, mais peut-être que le problème est plus présent qu'au Canada même si les deux sociétés sont similaires, d’origine britannique, jeunes et multiculturelles.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-38115603470720296022010-04-30T14:58:00.006+10:002012-03-30T13:32:29.307+11:00Conflict, Consequence of Misunderstanding<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">In human nature conflict is inevitable, but tends to be avoided which demonstrates general discomfort. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">As part of my exploration of this subject, I think about the experience of different conflicts in my personal and professional life. In almost all the conflicts that I have experienced, I have noticed that the ‘initiators’ are usually incapable of transmitting their concerns appropriately. Often, emotions overcome rationality and the tone of voice, volume of voice, and facial expressions fail to transmit the rational message behind their acts. In such cases, ‘the responder’ will usually react by rejecting the initial message. This reaction could spark further discussions and possible conflicts. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">I have experienced the role of ‘responder’ from this position and my reactions involved negative emotions and a defensive position, rather than the willingness to listen to critics. My last professional dispute was in September 2008 with one of my colleagues who criticised a professional task. I do not remember any content of the dispute, but I do perfectly remember the abrupt gestures of her arms, her yelling and her arrogant tone of voice. I am still not talking very much with this colleague, only when I am required to meet her.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-43080488002144109662010-04-29T21:05:00.004+10:002012-03-30T13:32:52.710+11:00Les mensonges de l'éducation<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">J'ai 28 ans et je suis québécoise. Il y a plus de 15 ans, j'ai donc terminé le secondaire, mais aujourd'hui, j'ai envie de partager mes déceptions concernant mes cours d'histoire au secondaire. En fait, bien que j'écrive sur "mes" cours d'histoire, je crois que mes impressions peuvent être toujours d'actualité. D'abord, la quantité de matière est nettement insuffisante et, ensuite, mes cours d'histoire du Québec et du Canada étaient truffés de mythes et étaient trop idéologiquement teintés. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Je questionne sérieusement la quantité des cours donnée au cursus secondaire au Québec. J'ai d'abord suivi une année sur la préhistoire, ce qui est intéressant, mais peu utile pour comprendre les réalités géopolitiques actuelles. Ensuite, j'ai reçu une année d'histoire du Québec et du Canada à l'âge de 14 ans, en 1995, en plein référendum sur la séparation du Québec. Et finalement, j'ai décidé de prendre l'option d'histoire du monde en dernière année du secondaire, car, sinon quoi, je n'aurais carrément jamais eu aucun cours d'histoire sur la première guerre mondiale, la deuxième, les nazis, Churchill, Thatcher, etc. Ce n'était pas incroyable qu'un cours d'histoire du monde ne fasse pas partie d'un cursus obligatoire? </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Si je reviens au cours d'histoire du Québec et du Canada, je déplore que mes livres aient été si truffés de mythes et de rancœur envers les canadiens anglophones. Il est vrai que ma prof était complètement afférée après le résultat du "non" à la souveraineté et que sa marque nationaliste a teinté toutes mes classes. Évidemment qu'elle en voulait profondément à Durham et applaudissait les Patriotes. Mais, mis à part son comportement, sans contredit, mes livres livraient un message peu agréable envers les Canadiens anglais comme si nous nous sentions réellement français, nous, canadiens, et tristes que notre pays ne soit pas un DOM aujourd'hui. Le pire est cette histoire continuellement répétée dans mes cours d'histoire, mais dans bien des médias, de la perte de la colonie française en raison de la Bataille d'Abraham. Oui, une seule bataille a créé notre perte selon les livres d'histoire, contribuant à la pensée du québécois qui se sent perdant et fait pour un petit pain noir. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">J'aimerais beaucoup que les cours d'histoire nous enseignent que la colonie est devenue anglaise principalement parce que les français ont perdu la guerre en Europe. Il y a aussi d'autres explications comme la pression du lobby anglais du sucre pour éviter de conserver les colonies des Caraïbes. Ce n'est certainement pas une seule bataille qui a forgé notre destin pour le reste des siècles. Enfin, je crois que les livres d'histoire ne proposaient pas une histoire inclusive avec le reste du Canada, mais, tout au contraire, invitaient à la création des deux solitudes, du "nous" et du "eux". </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Enfin, j'aimerais souligner rapidement une petite anecdote sur l'enseignement en Australie d'environ il y a 15 ans. Leur éducation aussi cachait des parts importantes de l'histoire, comme celle de l'invasion de l'Australie et des tueries des aborigènes. Aussi, étrangement, un "bushranger", type voleur de la route et qui a terminé ses jours pendu, n'est-ce pas, Ned Kelly, était décrit en héros. N'est-ce pas étrange?</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-34178944451811590062009-10-13T22:50:00.004+11:002012-03-30T13:33:04.098+11:00La crise économique argentine continue<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Le 20 août 2009, aujourd'hui, ce sont des jeunes qui lancent des pierres à une préfecture. Tous les jours, vraiment, tous les jours, il y a des manifestations en Argentine. On se croirait en France. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Le gouvernement Fernandez-Kirschner est peut-être moins corrompu que les gouvernements antérieurs, mais il cache aussi quelques scandales dont, dernièrement, la sortie dans les journaux du patrimoine personnel de la Présidente marionnette et de son mari dirige-tout qui a exagérément crû au cours des dernières années. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Malgré cela, rien ne pourrait être aussi pire que la décennie de Carlos Menem, de 1989 à 1999, qui a "vendu" le pays: les industries nationales pour trois fois rien jusqu'à une partie de la Patagonie. Maintenant que son règne s'est terminé, les mœurs argentines veulent que prononcer son nom porte malheur et la femme qui entend ou dit son nom devrait se toucher le sein gauche pour éviter le mauvais sort et l'homme, le testicule gauche. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Les deux mandats de Menem seraient donc la cause indirecte de la crise économique qui a frappé l'Argentine en 2001 et 2002. Buenos Aires qui était aussi chère que Miami(le peso était à la parité avec le dollar), s'est vue envahir notamment par les Latinos Américains ravis de profiter de cette magnifique ville latino-européenne en raison de son peso dévalué. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Pourquoi cette crise? D'abord, le gouvernement dépensait sans avoir de fonds dans les coffres (serait-ce que tout avait été volé?); ensuite, les Argentins qui déposaient leurs économies à l'étranger (surtout en Uruguay) en raison de leur méfiance envers les banques nationales, ce sont vus imposer une loi leur interdisant de placer leur argent à l'étranger; en plus d'une grande spéculation et d'une population souhaitant retirer simultanément ses placements des banques. Plusieurs de ces placements faits en dollar ne pouvaient alors n'être que retirés en peso, mais la parité n'y était plus, ce qui a causé la ruine de plusieurs par une perte importante de leurs épargnes. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Aujourd'hui encore, les conséquences de la crise économique sont palpables: dévaluation continue du peso, inflation galopante, criminalité grimpante et taux de chômage à la hausse.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6432882013518858839.post-27893903455262633512009-10-13T22:27:00.005+11:002012-03-30T13:33:14.740+11:00À qui la faute du conflit en Colombie?<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Le 17 août 2009, dans le journal argentin ABC Color à la section internationale, on pouvait y lire qu'à la suite d'une recherche américaine, l'University of Massachusetts a conclu que 85 à 90% des billets de banque au Canada et aux États-Unis sont tâchées de cocaïne, contre 12 à 20% en Chine et au Japon. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Évidemment, ce n'est pas seulement la consommation des riches canadiens et américains qui a laissé ses traces, mais aussi l'argent des narcotrafiquants tâchée par les machines compteuses et la vente de la drogue. Mais, peu importe, connaissant le haut pourcentage de cocaïne qui loge sur nos billets, il faudrait décidemment qu'il y ait des campagnes au Canada et aux États-Unis pour sensibiliser les adeptes de la coke des conséquences de leur consommation sur les pays producteurs (j'omets délibérément l'Europe ne faisant pas partie de l'étude parue dans le journal). </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">La cocaïne est tâchée par le sang, finance des mouvements terroristes (comme l'opium finance les Talibans en Afghanistan), crée des conflits, en plus d'être responsable d'une importante déforestation. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Enfin, et un peu dans un thème à part, si les gouvernements du Venezuela et de l'Équateur voulaient lutter de concert avec la Colombie contre les FARC, il y aurait peut-être une possibilité de terminer avec ce mouvement, coincé par trois fronts il serait, ne pouvant s'échapper des bombardements du pays voisin. On en a marre que Chavez raconte qu'ils inspectent ses frontières et qu'il ne trouve ni un petit guérillero. Aucune participation non plus de la part de l'Équateur: la mort de Raul Reyes en mars 2008, à la suite du bombardement de l'armée colombienne, est la preuve que le pays hébergeait réellement des campements des FARC.</span>Juhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05658308917225035063noreply@blogger.com0